While biological systems are centrally characterized by the rate of composition and decomposition being practically equal, industrial systems show a primary focus on production. The industrial recycling network integrates the re-use of ‘former waste’ by an inter-company matching of production processes. In this way it helps to reduce material and energy throughput in the economic system to sustainable levels. This article identifies central characteristics of this concept. Conclusions for further enhancement are drawn based on two observed recycling systems. The industrial recycling network is also shown to foster development within regions. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652697000097